"Scoliosis"

         The scoliosis is the deformity of the spine characterized by a bend bigger than 10° in the front plane or coronal. The scoliosis is classified in three big groups depending on its cause:
 

• Scoliosis neuromuscular: due to neurological or muscular primary alterations that cause loss of control of the trunk for weakness or paralysis.
   

• Congenital scoliosis: caused from birth by vertebral malformations.
   

• Scoliosis idiopatic: they constitute more than 80% of all the scoliosis and their cause is ignored. According to the age in that is diagnosed, it is divided in three types:
   

• Scoliosis infantile idiopatic: from the birth until the 3 years of age.
   

• Scoliosis juvenile idiopatic: between the 4 and the 9 years.
   

• The adolescent's scoliosis idiopatic: between the 10 years and the skeletal maturity. It is more frequent in girls in a proportion 7:1.
   

Factors of Risk
 

• Age: infantile, from the 4-6 weeks of gestation to the 3 years; Juvenile, from the 4 until the 10 years of age; adolescent of the 11 to the 17 years.
   

• Members of the family that have had scoliosis, since are a hereditary illness.
   

• Late puberty and late menarquia in the girls.
   

Symptoms

• Uneven shoulders.
   

• Clavicles, ribs or prominent scapulas (in the case of the scapulas, one more than the other one).
   

• Uneven waist.
   

• High hips.
   

• Inclination toward a side. To consequence, the head is not centered with the pelvis.
   

• Chronic pain in the back (generally if one leaves without trying during several years, although they are few).
   

• Muscular Contractures.
   

• Pain when making an effort since before an overweight the bend increases.
   

• A hip but high that the other one
   

Diagnosis

        Medical interrogation on their symptoms and the patient's clinical record, and physical exam. The doctor will examine the following thing to verify the presence of curved or asymmetries:
 

Back (Maneuver of Adams)
Shoulders
Chest
Pelvis
Legs (it exists the possibility that the patient has a longer leg that the other one)
Feet
Skin